Sickness absence among municipal workers in a Brazilian municipality: a secondary data analysis.

BACKGROUND: Sickness absence, work disability associated with illness or injury, is a major public health problem worldwide. Some studies have investigated determinants of sickness absence among workers with shorter job tenure, but have only focused on certain diagnostic groups. Although it is well established that job tenure has an inverse relationship with work injury rate, less is known about its association with sickness absence for other disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors for incidence and duration of sickness absence according to diagnosis over a 7-year period. A dynamic cohort consisting of all permanent civil servants hired from 2005 to 2011 by the Goiania municipality-Brazil. Data of certified sickness absences longer than 3 days were analyzed. The incidence density was calculated per 1000 person-years in each ICD-10 category. The association between sickness absence and socio-demographic and occupational characteristics was examined using negative binomial regression models. RESULTS: 18,450 workers, mean age of 32 years, accumulated 14,909 episodes of sickness absence. Overall, the incidence density was 234.6 episodes per 1000 person years. Diagnostic groups with the highest incidence density of sickness absences were injuries (49.1), musculoskeletal disorders (31.3) and mental disorders (29.2). Factors predicting any sickness absence were female gender, older age, low education, being a health professional, multiple jobs and full-time employment. Mental health disorders were more common among education professionals, musculoskeletal disorders among blue collar workers and injuries among inspection workers. Prolonged time on sick leave was associated with male gender, older age groups, low education and income, blue-collar workers, more than one job contract and full time employment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate a substantial sickness absentee burden and they provide relevant information for targeting prevention and health promotion policies to the most vulnerable occupational groups.

Absenteísmo-doença no serviço público municipal de Goiânia / Sickness absence in a municipal public service of Goiânia, Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: O absenteísmo-doença, enquanto falta ao trabalho justificada por licença médica, é um importante indicador das condições de saúde dos trabalhadores. Em geral, características sociodemográficas e ocupacionais situam-se entre os principais fatores associados ao absenteísmo-doença. A administração pública é responsável por 21,8% dos empregos formais no Brasil. Esta população permite o estudo de uma grande variedade de categorias profissionais. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil e os indicadores de absenteísmo-doença entre servidores municipais de Goiânia, no Estado de Goiás, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal das licenças certificadas para tratamento de saúde superiores a três dias, de todos os servidores, desde janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2010. Foram calculadas as prevalências, utilizando como critérios o número de indivíduos, os episódios e os dias de afastamento. RESULTADOS: Foram concedidas 40.578 licenças certificadas para tratamento de saúde a 13.408 servidores numa população média anual de 17.270 pessoas, o que resultou em 944.722 dias de absenteísmo. A prevalência acumulada de licença no período foi de 143,7%, com média anual de 39,2% e duração de 23 dias por episódio. A prevalência acumulada de absenteísmo-doença foi maior entre mulheres (52,0%) com idade superior a 40 anos (55,9%), com companheiro (49,9%), de baixa escolaridade (54,4%), profissionais de educação (54,7%), > 10 anos de serviço (61,9%) e múltiplos vínculos profissionais (53,7%). Os grupos de diagnósticos (CID-10) com as maiores prevalências acumuladas de licenças foram os do capítulo de transtornos mentais (26,5%), doenças osteomusculares (25,1%) e lesões (23,6%). CONCLUSÕES: Os indicadores de absenteísmo-doença expressam a magnitude desse fenômeno no serviço público e podem auxiliar no planejamento das ações de saúde do trabalhador, priorizando os grupos ocupacionais mais vulneráveis. .

BACKGROUND: Sickness absence, as work absenteeism justified by medical certificate, is an important health status indicator of the employees and, overall, sociodemographic and occupational characteristics are among the main factors associated with sickness absence. Public administration accounts for 21.8% of the formal job positions in Brazil. This population allows the study of a wide range of professional categories. OBJECTIVE: To assess the profile and indicators of sickness absence among public workers from the municipality of Goiania, in the State of Goiás, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on certified sick leaves, lasting longer than three days, of all civil servants from January 2005 to December 2010. Prevalence rates were calculated using as main criteria the number of individuals, episodes and sick days. RESULTS: 40,578 certified sick leaves were granted for health treatment among 13,408 public workers, in an annual average population of 17,270 people, which resulted in 944,722 days of absenteeism. The cumulative prevalence of sick leave for the period was of 143.7%, with annual average of 39.2% and duration of 23 days per episode. The cumulative prevalence of sickness absence was higher among women (52.0%), older than 40 years old (55.9%), with a partner (49.9%), low schooling (54.4%), education professionals (54.7%), > 10 years of service (61.9%), and with multiple work contracts (53.7%). Diagnoses groups (ICD-10) with higher cumulative prevalence of sick leaves were those with mental disorders (26.5%), musculoskeletal diseases (25.1%), and injuries (23.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Indicators of sickness absence express the magnitude of this phenomenon in the public sector and can assist in planning health actions for the worker, prioritizing the most vulnerable occupational groups. .

Sinovite e tenossinovite no Brasil: uma análise dos benefícios auxílio-doença / Synovitis and tenosynovitis in Brazil: analysis of sickness benefit claims

OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores pessoais associados à prevalência e duração dos benefícios auxílio-doença decorrentes de sinovite e tenossinovite (CID10 M65). MÉTODO: Estudo transversal referente aos benefícios auxílio-doença decorrentes de sinovite e tenossinovite concedidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social aos empregados no Brasil em 2008. Dados sobre o ramo de atividade econômica (Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas - CNAE divisão, classe), sexo, idade, espécie e duração dos benefícios foram coletados do Sistema Único de Benefícios. A população corresponde à média mensal dos vínculos empregatícios declarados ao Cadastro Nacional de Informações Sociais. RESULTADOS: Em 2008 foram concedidos 35.601 benefícios auxílio-doença decorrentes de sinovite e tenossinovite, com prevalência de 10,9/10.000 vínculos empregatícios. No conjunto dos benefícios auxílio-doença houve maior razão de prevalência (RP) acidentária (RP 1,2), sendo esta maior em mulheres (RP 3,3), e em trabalhadores com idade acima de 39 anos (RP 1,4). As CNAE 37-Esgoto (55,4) e 60-Atividade de rádio e TV (47,1) apresentaram as maiores prevalências, no entanto, 64-Atividade de serviços financeiros e 6422-Bancos múltiplos caracterizaram mais acidentes de trabalho (RP 3,2 e 3,8, respectivamente) e maior duração (70 e 73 dias, respectivamente). A maior duração de benefício ocorreu entre trabalhadores com idade superior a 39 anos. Tanto a CNAE-divisão 60-Atividade de rádio e TV, quanto a CNAE-classe 6010-Atividade de rádio apresentaram elevadas razões de feminilidade (RP 8,1 e 10,8, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: A incapacidade para o trabalho por sinovite e tenossinovite apresenta associação tanto da prevalência quanto da duração com o ramo de atividade, sexo, idade e espécie de benefício (previdenciário/acidentário). .

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the personal and occupational factors associated with the prevalence and duration of sickness benefit claims due to synovitis and tenosynovitis (CID10 M65). METHODS: Cross-sectional study regarding sickness benefit claims due to synovitis and tenosynovitis granted to employees by National Institute of Social Security in Brazil in 2008. Data on economic activity (Economic Activities National Classification - CNAE division, class), sex, age, type and duration of benefits were collected from the Unified Benefit System. The study's population consists of the average monthly employment contracts declared to the National Register of Social Information. RESULTS: In 2008, 35,601 employees were granted sickness benefits due to synovitis and tenosynovitis, with a prevalence of 10.9/10,000 employments. Sickness benefits showed higher prevalence rates (PR) for work-related claims (PR 1,2), mostly made by females (PR 3.3) and by workers older than 39 years (PR 1,4). The CNAE 37-Sewage (55.4) and 60-Broadcasting Activity (47.1) had the highest overall prevalence. However, the 64-Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding and 6422-Multiple banks with commercial service had the highest rates of work-related claims (RP 3.2 and 3.8, respectively), and the longer duration (70 and 73 days, respectively). Workers older than 39 years had the highest durations of work disability claims. Both the CNAE-division 60-Broadcasting Activity, and the CNAE-class 6010-Radio showed a high activity ratio of females (PR 8.1 and 10.8, respectively). CONCLUSION: The work disability due to synovitis and tenosynovitis presents prevalence and duration associated with economic activity, sex, age and kind of benefit (non work-related and work-related claims). .

[Sick leave benefits for workers in the Brazilian meat and fish industries in 2008]. / Benefícios auxílio-doença concedidos aos trabalhadores empregados no ramo de carne e pescado no Brasil em 2008.

This study aims to analyze factors associated with sick leave rates among workers in the meat, fish, and seafood industries in Brazil. The study analyzed all sick leave benefits granted by the country's social security system to workers in these industries in 2008. Incidence of sick leave per 10 thousand jobs was stratified by sex, age, diagnosis, job position, State, and nature and length of benefits. The study analyzed 31,913 sick leaves, with an annual incidence of 788.7. Meat processing and packaging showed the highest incidence, and fish and seafood processing and packaging showed the longest mean length of sick leave. Women showed a higher sick leave incidence, while men received longer average sick leaves. Injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, and mental disorders accounted for 67.2% of sick leaves. The most common diagnoses were lower back pain, first-trimester bleeding in pregnancy, and depression. The data suggest poor job protection and adverse working conditions in these industries.

Synovitis and tenosynovitis in Brazil: analysis of sickness benefit claims.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the personal and occupational factors associated with the prevalence and duration of sickness benefit claims due to synovitis and tenosynovitis (CID10 M65). METHODS: Cross-sectional study regarding sickness benefit claims due to synovitis and tenosynovitis granted to employees by National Institute of Social Security in Brazil in 2008. Data on economic activity (Economic Activities National Classification - CNAE division, class), sex, age, type and duration of benefits were collected from the Unified Benefit System. The study's population consists of the average monthly employment contracts declared to the National Register of Social Information. RESULTS: In 2008, 35,601 employees were granted sickness benefits due to synovitis and tenosynovitis, with a prevalence of 10.9/10,000 employments. Sickness benefits showed higher prevalence rates (PR) for work-related claims (PR 1,2), mostly made by females (PR 3.3) and by workers older than 39 years (PR 1,4). The CNAE 37-Sewage (55.4) and 60-Broadcasting Activity (47.1) had the highest overall prevalence. However, the 64-Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding and 6422-Multiple banks with commercial service had the highest rates of work-related claims (RP 3.2 and 3.8, respectively), and the longer duration (70 and 73 days, respectively). Workers older than 39 years had the highest durations of work disability claims. Both the CNAE-division 60-Broadcasting Activity, and the CNAE-class 6010-Radio showed a high activity ratio of females (PR 8.1 and 10.8, respectively). CONCLUSION: The work disability due to synovitis and tenosynovitis presents prevalence and duration associated with economic activity, sex, age and kind of benefit (non work-related and work-related claims).

Sickness absence in a municipal public service of Goiânia, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Sickness absence, as work absenteeism justified by medical certificate, is an important health status indicator of the employees and, overall, sociodemographic and occupational characteristics are among the main factors associated with sickness absence. Public administration accounts for 21.8% of the formal job positions in Brazil. This population allows the study of a wide range of professional categories. OBJECTIVE: To assess the profile and indicators of sickness absence among public workers from the municipality of Goiania, in the State of Goiás, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on certified sick leaves, lasting longer than three days, of all civil servants from January 2005 to December 2010. Prevalence rates were calculated using as main criteria the number of individuals, episodes and sick days. RESULTS: 40,578 certified sick leaves were granted for health treatment among 13,408 public workers, in an annual average population of 17,270 people, which resulted in 944,722 days of absenteeism. The cumulative prevalence of sick leave for the period was of 143.7%, with annual average of 39.2% and duration of 23 days per episode. The cumulative prevalence of sickness absence was higher among women (52.0%), older than 40 years old (55.9%), with a partner (49.9%), low schooling (54.4%), education professionals (54.7%), > 10 years of service (61.9%), and with multiple work contracts (53.7%). Diagnoses groups (ICD-10) with higher cumulative prevalence of sick leaves were those with mental disorders (26.5%), musculoskeletal diseases (25.1%), and injuries (23.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Indicators of sickness absence express the magnitude of this phenomenon in the public sector and can assist in planning health actions for the worker, prioritizing the most vulnerable occupational groups.

Benefícios auxílio-doença concedidos aos trabalhadores empregados no ramo de carne e pescado no Brasil em 2008 / Sick leave benefits for workers in the Brazilian meat and fish industries in 2008 / Prestaciones sociales por enfermedad, concedidas por el Seguro Social, a los empleados en el sector de la carne y pescado en Brasil durante el año 2008

Este estudo objetivou identificar fatores associados à incidência de concessão de benefícios entre trabalhadores na atividade de carne e pescado no Brasil. Foram estudados os benefícios auxílio-doença concedidos pela Previdência Social aos empregados em carne e pescado no Brasil em 2008. As incidências por 10 mil vínculos empregatícios foram estratificadas por sexo, idade, diagnóstico, atividade econômica, unidade federada, espécie e duração dos benefícios auxílio-doença. Foram concedidos 31.913 benefícios auxílio-doença, com incidência de 788,7. O ramo abate de bovinos, equinos, ovinos e caprinos apresentou a maior incidência (1.223,2); o pescado, a maior duração (61 dias) de benefícios auxílio-doença. As mulheres apresentaram maior incidência, enquanto os homens, maior duração de benefícios auxílio-doença. Os grupos Lesões, doenças osteomusculares e transtornos mentais representaram 67,2% dos benefícios auxílio-doença. Os diagnósticos mais incidentes foram as dorsopatias, hemorragia no início da gravidez e episódios depressivos. O ramo de atividade, sexo, e a idade representaram importantes fatores associados à incidência de benefícios auxílio-doença, sugerindo uma precarização das condições/relações de trabalho.

This study aims to analyze factors associated with sick leave rates among workers in the meat, fish, and seafood industries in Brazil. The study analyzed all sick leave benefits granted by the country's social security system to workers in these industries in 2008. Incidence of sick leave per 10 thousand jobs was stratified by sex, age, diagnosis, job position, State, and nature and length of benefits. The study analyzed 31,913 sick leaves, with an annual incidence of 788.7. Meat processing and packaging showed the highest incidence, and fish and seafood processing and packaging showed the longest mean length of sick leave. Women showed a higher sick leave incidence, while men received longer average sick leaves. Injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, and mental disorders accounted for 67.2% of sick leaves. The most common diagnoses were lower back pain, first-trimester bleeding in pregnancy, and depression. The data suggest poor job protection and adverse working conditions in these industries.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar factores asociados a la incidencia de concesión prestaciones sociales por enfermedad a los trabajadores del sector cárnico y pesquero en Brasil. Se estudiaron las prestaciones sociales por enfermedad, concedidas por el Seguro Social, a los empleados de los sectores anteriormente mencionados durante el año 2008. Las incidencias por cada 10 mil empleados fueron estratificadas por sexo, edad, diagnóstico, actividad económica, departamento, tipo y duración de las prestaciones por enfermedad. Se concedieron 31.913 prestaciones sociales por enfermedad, con una incidencia de 788,7. El colectivo perteneciente a mataderos de ganado vacuno, equino, bovino y caprino presentó la mayor incidencia (1.223,2) y el de pesca la mayor duración (61 días de prestaciones sociales por enfermedad). Las mujeres presentaron una mayor incidencia, mientras los hombres una mayor duración de las prestaciones por enfermedad. Los grupos de lesiones, enfermedades osteomusculares y trastornos mentales representaron un 67,2% de los beneficios de auxilio por enfermedad. Los diagnósticos más incidentes fueron las dorsopatías, hemorragias en el principio de la gestación y episodios depresivos, según las ramas de la actividad ejercida, el sexo y la edad son importantes factores, sugiriendo precariedad en las condiciones de trabajo.

The role of family relations, spirituality and entertainment in moderating peer influence and drug use among students of eight universities from five countries in Latin America and three from the Caribbean / O papel das relações familiares, espiritualidade e diversão como moderadores entre a influência de pares e o uso de drogas entre estudantes de oito universidades de cinco paises da América Latina e três do Caribe / El papel de las relaciones familiares, espiritualidad y diversión como moderadores entre la influencia de pares y el uso de drogas entre estudiantes de ocho universidades de cinco países de America Latina y tres del Caribe

This study is a multi-centric investigation on the role of family relations, spirituality and entertainment in moderating the relationship between peer influence and drug use (licit and illicit) among students from eight universities from five countries in Latin-America and three from the Caribbean. The sample was composed by 2198 university students from faculties of Social Sciences and Humanities/Health Sciences. Drug use was the dependent variable and the level of peer influence (number of friends who use drugs) was the independent variable. The results showed that problematic family relationship, high number of party-based entertainment and high number of friends on drugs use (peer influence) increased the odds of youths using illicit drugs. The only interaction statistically significant for licit and illicit drug use was party-based entertainment and friends on drugs. The use of licit drugs presented large variability among universities in the sample, potentially influenced by cultural/religious aspects.

Trata-se de estudo multicêntrico, que analisa o papel das relações familiares, espiritualidade e entretenimento-festas como moderadores da relação entre a influência dos pares e o uso de drogas entre estudantes de oito universidades de cinco países da América Latina e três do Caribe. A amostra foi composta por 2198 estudantes de Faculdades de Ciências Sociais e de Ciências da Saúde. Uso de drogas foi a variável dependente e influência dos pares (número de amigos usando drogas), a independente. Os resultados mostraram que relações familiares problemáticas, participar de muitas festas e ter muitos amigos usando drogas aumentou a chance dos estudantes universitários da amostra usarem drogas ilícitas. A única interação estatisticamente significante para o uso de drogas lícitas ou ilícitas foi o entretenimento-festas/amigos usando drogas. O uso de drogas lícitas apresentou grande variabilidade entre as universidades da amostra, potencialmente influenciada por aspectos culturais/religiosos.

Estudio multicéntrico que analiza el papel de las relaciones familiares, la espiritualidad y la diversión-fiestas como moderadores de la relación entre la influencia de pares y el uso de drogas entre estudiantes de ocho universidades de cinco países de America Latina y tres del Caribe. La muestra fue composta de 2198 estudiantes de Facultades de Ciencias Sociales y de Ciencias de la Salud. El Uso de drogas fue la variable dependiente y la influencia de pares (número de alumnos usando drogas) la independiente. Los resultados indicaron que las relaciones familiares problemáticas, participar de muchas fiestas y tener muchos amigos utilizando drogas aumentó la oportunidad de los estudiantes de la muestra a utilizaren drogas ilícitas. La única interacción estadísticamente significante para el uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas fue la diversión/fiestas/amigos usando drogas. El uso de drogas lícitas presenta grande variabilidad entre las universidades de la muestra, potencialmente influenciada por aspectos culturales/religiosos.

Prevalência de benefícios auxílio-doença entre trabalhadores da Construção no Brasil em 2009 / Prevalence of sickness benefits among construction workers in Brazil in 2009

Objetivo estimar a prevalência de Benefícios Auxílio-Doença (BAD) entre trabalhadores do ramo da Construção e a potencial influência do sexo, idade e ramo de atividade no quadro de incapacidade para o trabalho, no Brasil, em 2009. Método estudo transversal de base populacional baseado nos BAD concedidos pela Previdência Social. Do Sistema Único de Benefícios e do Cadastro Nacional de Informações Sociais extraíram-se informações sobre ramo de atividade, sexo, idade, causa clínica e espécie de benefício. A população de estudo correspondeu à média mensal dos vínculos empregatícios declarados em 2009 (1.784.772). Resultados foram concedidos 81.235 BAD, resultando em prevalência de 455,2/10.000 vínculos, com predomínio da espécie BAD previdenciária (Razão de Prevalência [RP] 3,1), do sexo masculino (RP 1,3) e dos ramos de atividade Obras de acabamento, Construção de obras de arte e Obras de terraplenagem. Homens caracterizaram 76,7% mais BAD acidentários que mulheres. As principais causas diagnósticas foram Lesões, Doenças osteomusculares e Doenças digestivas. As categorias clínicas mais prevalentes foram Dorsalgia, Fratura ao nível do punho e da mão, Fratura da perna e Hérnia inguinal. A prevalência aumentou com a idade. Conclusão a prevalência mostrou-se influenciada pela espécie de benefício, ramo de atividade, sexo e idade. Os resultados sugerem potenciais mecanismos de subnotificação/demanda previdenciária. .

Objective to estimate the prevalence of sickness benefits among workers in the construction industry and the potential influence of sex, age and branch of activity within the framework of incapacity for work in Brazil in 2009. Methods a cross-sectional population study based on sickness benefits provided by the Brazilian Social Security. Information about the branch of activity, sex, age, cause and type of clinical benefit of workers was extracted from the Unified Benefits and the National Registry of Social Information. The study population corresponded to the average monthly employment relations declared in 2009 (1,784,772). Results the study population was granted 81,235 sickness benefits, resulting in a prevalence of 455.2/10,000 bonds, predominantly non-work related benefits (Prevalence Ratio [PR] 3,1), male (PR 1,3), and branches of activity: Finishing works, Construction works of art and Earthwork. Men were granted 76.7% more sickness benefits related to work than women. The main causes were Injuries, Musculoskeletal Diseases, and Digestive Diseases. The most prevalent clinical categories were Back pain, Fracture at the wrist and hand, Fracture of the leg and Inguinal hernia. Prevalence increased with age. Conclusion the prevalence of sickness benefits was influenced by the type of benefit, type of activity, age and sex. The results of this study suggest potential mechanisms of underreporting/social security demand. .

[Work-related disability among postal employees: incidence, duration, and social security costs in 2008]. / Incapacidade laboral entre trabalhadores do ramo Correios: incidência, duração e despesa previdenciária em 2008.

This study analyzed the characteristics of Brazilian postal workers that received sick leave benefits in 2008. The databases were from the Unified Benefits System (SUB) and the National Registry of Social Information (CNIS). The incidence rate was 556.5 benefits per 10,000 employees, and the leading causes of work-related sick leave were injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, and mental disorders. Areas most frequently reported in injuries were knees and legs, wrists and hands, ankles and feet, and shoulders and arms, with higher incidence rates in men. Women were more affected by musculoskeletal disorders and mental disorders. Average sick leave lasted longer in men, and the incidence of benefits increased with age. The States with the highest incidence rates were Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, and Santa Catarina, and security benefits averaged BRL 1,847.00. Postal work may involve additional risk of injuries to the limbs, due to the long distances carrying heavy weight, assault, and dog bites.

Incapacidade laboral entre trabalhadores do ramo Correios: incidência, duração e despesa previdenciária em 2008 / Work-related disability among postal employees: incidence, duration, and social security costs in 2008 / Incapacidad laboral entre los trabajadores de Correos: incidencia, duración y gastos en pensiones durante 2008

Analisou-se o perfil dos trabalhadores do ramo de atividade Correios que receberam benefícios auxílio-doença, no Brasil, em 2008. Os dados originaram-se do Sistema Único de Benefícios (SUB) e do Cadastro Nacional de Informações Sociais (CNIS). A incidência foi de 556,5 benefícios por 10 mil empregados, e as principais causas de afastamento foram traumatismos, doenças osteomusculares e transtornos mentais. Locais de traumas mais notificados foram joelho e perna, punho e mão, tornozelo e pé, ombro e braço, com as maiores incidências em homens. Mulheres foram as mais acometidas por doenças osteomusculares e transtornos mentais. A duração do auxílio-doença foi maior entre homens, havendo aumento da incidência de benefícios com o envelhecimento. Os estados de Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Santa Catarina foram os de maiores incidências, e a despesa previdenciária foi de R$ 1.847,00. É possível que a atividade postal apresente riscos adicionais de acidentes em extremidades devido ao excesso de peso carregado por longas distâncias, risco de assaltos ou de acidente por mordedura de cães.

This study analyzed the characteristics of Brazilian postal workers that received sick leave benefits in 2008. The databases were from the Unified Benefits System (SUB) and the National Registry of Social Information (CNIS). The incidence rate was 556.5 benefits per 10,000 employees, and the leading causes of work-related sick leave were injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, and mental disorders. Areas most frequently reported in injuries were knees and legs, wrists and hands, ankles and feet, and shoulders and arms, with higher incidence rates in men. Women were more affected by musculoskeletal disorders and mental disorders. Average sick leave lasted longer in men, and the incidence of benefits increased with age. The States with the highest incidence rates were Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, and Santa Catarina, and security benefits averaged BRL 1,847.00. Postal work may involve additional risk of injuries to the limbs, due to the long distances carrying heavy weight, assault, and dog bites.

Se analizó el perfil de los trabajadores de Correos en Brasil que recibieron subsidios por enfermedad en 2008. Los datos proceden de las bases de datos del Sistema Único de Beneficios y del Registro Nacional de Información Social. La incidencia fue de 556,5 subsidios de enfermedad por cada 10.000 empleados y las principales causas de solicitud fueron las lesiones, las enfermedades musculoesqueléticas y los trastornos mentales. Las partes del cuerpo, cuyas lesiones fueron más comunes, eran: la rodilla y la pierna, la muñeca y la mano, el pie y el tobillo, el hombro y el brazo, con mayor incidencia en los hombres. Las mujeres fueron las más afectadas por las enfermedades osteomusculares y los trastornos mentales. La duración del subsidio de enfermedad fue mayor en los hombres y hubo un aumento de la incidencia de este subsidio con el envejecimiento. El gasto en pensiones fue de R$ 1.847,00 y los estados de Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás y Santa Catarina fueron los de más alta incidencia. Es posible que la actividad postal presente riesgos adicionales de accidentes en las extremidades.

[Inability to work: analysis of sickness benefits granted in the State of Rondônia]. / Incapacidade para o trabalho: análise dos benefícios auxílio-doença concedidos no estado de Rondônia.

This is a descriptive epidemiological study aiming to o estimate the prevalence and duration of sickness benefits granted by the Brazilian Social Security Institute, as well as the clinical causes of inability to work among employees in Rondonia in 2008. The prevalence was submitted by 10,000 workers and stratified by sex, age, diagnosis, economic activity, and type and duration of benefits. Men had a higher prevalence and duration of benefits. Social security benefits were found to be 2,5 times more prevalent than accident benefits and both increased with age. Labor accidents were more prevalent in the age group ranging between 50-59 years, and Forestry, construction and manpower leasing: had the highest prevalence. The main diagnostic groups were injuries, musculoskeletal system disorders and digestive diseases. The duration of the sickness benefits was higher among men, =40 years and in the social security category. The economic activity is an important risk factor for Inability to work, and it needs to be further explored in order to improve sickness prevention and reduce the impact on workers' health arising from environmental conditions and working processes.

Incapacidade para o trabalho: análise dos benefícios auxílio-doença concedidos no estado de Rondônia / Inability to work: analysis of sickness benefits granted in the State of Rondônia

Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo com objetivo de estimar a prevalência e a duração dos benefícios auxílio-doença, concedidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social, bem como dos fatores associados à incapacidade para o trabalho entre os trabalhadores empregados em Rondônia em 2008. As prevalências foram apresentadas por 10.000 trabalhadores e estratificadas por sexo, idade, diagnóstico, atividade econômica, espécie e duração dos benefícios. Os homens apresentaram maiores prevalência e duração dos benefícios. Os benefícios previdenciários mostraram-se 2,5 mais prevalentes do que os acidentários e ambos aumentaram com a idade. Os acidentários foram mais prevalentes na faixa etária de 50-59 anos. silvicultura: construção civil e locação de mão de obra: apresentaram as maiores prevalências. Os principais grupos diagnósticos foram lesões; doenças do sistema osteomuscular e doenças do aparelho digestivo: A duração dos benefícios auxílio-doença foi maior entre homens, com > 40 anos e na espécie previdenciária. A atividade econômica é um importante fator de risco para a incapacidade para o trabalho, e precisa ser mais bem explorada como tal visando melhorar a prevenção de doenças e diminuir o impacto na saúde dos trabalhadores decorrentes das condições ambientais e dos processos de trabalho.

This is a descriptive epidemiological study aiming to o estimate the prevalence and duration of sickness benefits granted by the Brazilian Social Security Institute, as well as the clinical causes of inability to work among employees in Rondonia in 2008. The prevalence was submitted by 10,000 workers and stratified by sex, age, diagnosis, economic activity, and type and duration of benefits. Men had a higher prevalence and duration of benefits. Social security benefits were found to be 2,5 times more prevalent than accident benefits and both increased with age. Labor accidents were more prevalent in the age group ranging between 50-59 years, and Forestry, construction and manpower leasing: had the highest prevalence. The main diagnostic groups were injuries, musculoskeletal system disorders and digestive diseases. The duration of the sickness benefits was higher among men, =40 years and in the social security category. The economic activity is an important risk factor for Inability to work, and it needs to be further explored in order to improve sickness prevention and reduce the impact on workers' health arising from environmental conditions and working processes.

Sickness benefit claims due to mental disorders in Brazil: associations in a population-based study.

This study aims to determine the prevalence and duration of sickness benefit claims due to mental disorders and their association with economic activity, sex, age, work-relatedness and income replacement using a population-based study of sickness benefit claims (> 15 days) due to mental disorders in Brazil carried out in 2008. The prevalence of mental disorders was 45.1 claims per 10,000 workers. Prevalence and duration of sickness benefit claims due to mental disorder were higher and longer in workers aged over 40 years. Prevalence of claims was 73% higher in women but duration of sickness benefit claims was longer in men. Prevalence rates for claims differed widely according to economic activity, with sewage, residential care and programming and broadcasting activities showing the highest rates. Claims were deemed to be work-related in 8.5% of cases with mental disorder showing low work-relatedness in Brazil. A wide variation of prevalence and duration between age, economic activity and work-relatedness was observed, suggesting that working conditions are a more important factor in mental disorder work disability than previously assumed.

Sickness benefit claims due to mental disorders in Brazil: associations in a population-based study / Benefícios auxílio-doença devido a transtornos mentais no Brasil: associações em um estudo de base-populacional

This study aims to determine the prevalence and duration of sickness benefit claims due to mental disorders and their association with economic activity, sex, age, work-relatedness and income replacement using a population-based study of sickness benefit claims (> 15 days) due to mental disorders in Brazil carried out in 2008. The prevalence of mental disorders was 45.1 claims per 10,000 workers. Prevalence and duration of sickness benefit claims due to mental disorder were higher and longer in workers aged over 40 years. Prevalence of claims was 73% higher in women but duration of sickness benefit claims was longer in men. Prevalence rates for claims differed widely according to economic activity, with sewage, residential care and programming and broadcasting activities showing the highest rates. Claims were deemed to be work-related in 8.5% of cases with mental disorder showing low work-relatedness in Brazil. A wide variation of prevalence and duration between age, economic activity and work-relatedness was observed, suggesting that working conditions are a more important factor in mental disorder work disability than previously assumed.

Este estudo visa determinar a prevalência e a duração dos benefícios auxílio-doença devidos à doença mental e sua associação com atividade econômica, sexo, idade, relação com o trabalho, e reposição salarial. Estudaram-se os benefícios auxílio-doença por doença mental concedidos no Brasil em 2008. Analisou-se a associação entre benefícios auxílio-doença e sexo, idade, atividade econômica, relação com o trabalho e reposição salarial. Doença mental representou 10.7% do total de benefícios auxílio-doença em 2008, com prevalência de 45,1/10 mil trabalhadores. A prevalência e a duração dos benefícios auxílio-doença foram maiores e mais longos entre trabalhadores ≥ 40 anos de idade; mulheres tiveram prevalência 73% maior do que homens, mas com menor duração. As prevalências variaram amplamente entre atividade econômica, sendo esgoto, saúde da família e rádio e televisão aquelas com as maiores taxas. A relação com o trabalho foi caracterizada em 8,5% dos benefícios. Doença mental mostrou baixa relação com o trabalho, mas com ampla variação na prevalência e na duração dos benefícios auxílio-doença em relação à idade, sexo e atividade econômica, sugerindo que as condições de trabalho constituem fator mais importante para incapacidade do que o presumido.

Study of the noise spectrum on high frequency thresholds in workers exposed to noise.

UNLABELLED: Noise level can be quantified and qualified based on sound characteristics such as intensity, type of spectrum, duration and distribution of the noise exposure during one's working hours. OBJECTIVE: To assess noise spectrum and the audiometric configuration of workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contemporary cross-sectional cohort carried out in the Federal District - Brazil. We did an environmental analysis (spectral analysis) of the noise in companies from different industries, with audiological assessment of 347 workers. RESULTS: The spectral analysis revealed peaks at different frequencies for each industry investigated (8 kHz-metallurgical, 4 kHz-stone Works and 2 kHz-wood works). We noticed that the frequencies of 14 kHz and 16 kHz had significant differences between the various industries, with a greater prevalence of the metallurgical. CONCLUSION: The use of noise pressure measuring device, coupled to a frequency analyzer and high frequency audiometric assessment yielded an early detection of hearing damage, helping better organize preventive measures.

Estudo do espectro sonoro nos limiares de altas frequências em trabalhadores expostos ao ruído / Study of the noise spectrum on high frequency thresholds in workers exposed to noise

O grau de nocividade do ruído pode ser quantificado e qualificado com base em algumas características do som como sua intensidade, o tipo de espectro, duração e a distribuição da exposição ao ruído durante a jornada de trabalho. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o espectro de ruído e a configuração audiométrica em trabalhadores. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte contemporânea com corte transversal, realizado no Distrito Federal. Realizou-se avaliação ambiental (análise espectral) do ruído em empresas de diferentes ramos de atividade econômica e avaliação audiológica em 347 trabalhadores. RESULTADOS: A análise espectral revelou picos em diferentes frequências em cada ramo de atividade (8 kHz-metalúrgico, 4 kHz-marmoraria e 2 kHz-madeireira). Verificou-se que as frequências de 14 kHz e 16 kHz apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os ramos de atividade, com maior prevalência no metalúrgico. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização de medidor de nível de pressão sonora, acoplado a analisador de frequência e a avaliação audiométrica de altas frequências possibilitam a detecção precoce de danos auditivos que, por sua vez, viabiliza melhor direcionamento das ações preventivas.

Noise level can be quantified and qualified based on sound characteristics such as intensity, type of spectrum, duration and distribution of the noise exposure during one's working hours. OBJECTIVE: To assess noise spectrum and the audiometric configuration of workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contemporary cross-sectional cohort carried out in the Federal District - Brazil. We did an environmental analysis (spectral analysis) of the noise in companies from different industries, with audiological assessment of 347 workers. RESULTS: The spectral analysis revealed peaks at different frequencies for each industry investigated (8 kHz-metallurgical, 4 kHz-stone Works and 2 kHz-wood works). We noticed that the frequencies of 14 kHz and 16 kHz had significant differences between the various industries, with a greater prevalence of the metallurgical. CONCLUSION: The use of noise pressure measuring device, coupled to a frequency analyzer and high frequency audiometric assessment yielded an early detection of hearing damage, helping better organize preventive measures.

Acidentes de trabalho no Brasil: prevalência, duração e despesa previdenciária dos auxílios-doença / Work-related injury and illness in Brazil: prevalence, duration, and incapacity benefit expenditure

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência, a duração e a despesa previdenciária dos benefícios de Auxílio-Doença por Acidente do Trabalho (ADAT) pagos pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) aos segurados empregados no Brasil em 2008. Método: As variáveis ADAT foram estratificadas segundo sexo, idade e agravos categorizados em capítulos da CID-10. Resultado: foram concedidos 306.908 ADAT com prevalência de 94,2 por 10.000 vínculos. Os agravos mais prevalentes foram os do capítulo XIX ? Lesões, envenenamento e algumas outras consequências de causas externas, do XIII ? Doenças do sistema osteomuscular e do tecido conjuntivo, e do V ? Transtornos mentais e comportamentais. A prevalência dos benefíciosfoi maior no sexo masculino (111,2) e na faixa etária ? 40 anos (116,9). A duração média foi de 75 ± 64 dias e a despesa média de R$ 2.181,00 ± 2.769,00, sendo maior para o Capítulo II ? Neoplasias (R$ 5.083,00 ± 5.702,00). A despesa-dia média foi R$ 29,00 ± 18,00, sendo superior para o Capítulo V (R$ 39,00 ± 23,00). A idade ? 40 anos apresentou maior prevalência, duração e despesa entre todos os capítulos, à exceção do XIX, que foi o mais prevalente entre os mais jovens.Conclusão: os dados de ADAT são sugestivos de subcaracterização da relação com o trabalho. A alta prevalência de agravos do Capítulo XIX sugere precariedade das medidas de segurança no trabalho. Homens e mulheres apresentam diferentes perfis de acidentabilidade sem interferência na duração do benefício.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence, duration, and expenditure with workrelatedincapacity benefits (WRIB) of the Brazilian National Institute of SocialWelfare, in 2008. Method: WRIB variables were stratified according to gender, age,and diseases categorized into ICD-10 chapters. Results: There were 306,908 WRIBgranted in 2008, with the prevalence of 94.2 per 10,000 insured workers. The mostprevalent ICD-10 chapters were: XIX - Injury, poisoning and some other externalcause consequences, XIII - Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connectivetissue, and V-Mental and behavioral disorders. The prevalence was higher amongmen (111.2) and those ? 40 years of age (116.9). Benefit was received for 75 ±64 days independently of gender, and the average expenditure was R$ 2,181.00 ±2,769.00, being higher for Chapter II - Neoplasms (R$ 5,083.00 ± 5,702.00). Theaverage daily expenditure was R$ 29.00 ± 18.00, being higher for Chapter V (R$39.00 ± 23.00). Those ?40 years of age were the most prevalent, received benefitsfor the longest period and the highest expenses in all chapters, except in XIX, inwhich the highest prevalence was of younger workers. Conclusion: WRIB datasuggested underreporting of the work-relatedness of diseases. The prevalence ofchapter XIX suggested that work environment safety measures were inadequate.Men and women showed different profiles of work disability; however, there wasno gender difference in the length of benefit.

Incidence of work and non-work related disability claims in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Sickness benefit claims are an important economic burden to society. This study aims to determine the incidence of sickness benefit claims in Brazil in 2008, exploring the role of economic activity. METHODS: Population-based study on sickness claims lasting longer than 15 days of sickness absence granted to private sector employees. Data on gender, age, economic activity, diagnosis, and work-relatedness were collected. RESULTS: The annual incidence of sickness benefits was 421.8/10,000 jobs, 435.4 for males and 452.0 for females. There were 3.5 times more non-work-related than work-related claims. The main diagnoses were injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, and mental disorders. Rates increased with age up to 59 years. Economic activity 37-Sewage had the highest incidence of non-work-related and work-related claims. CONCLUSION: The incidence of sickness benefits is higher among female and older workers. Economic activities show great variability of sickness benefit rates, work-relatedness, diagnostic categories, and gender.

The noise spectrum influence on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss prevalence in workers.

UNLABELLED: Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is an insidious and cumulative disease that worsens over the years with work-related noise exposure. AIM: To evaluate the noise spectrum influence on NIHL prevalence in workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This a cross-sectional historical cohort carried out in steel mills, lumber mills and marble shops, with noise levels above 85dB, in which we evaluated the auditory thresholds for frequencies from 250Hz to 8,000Hz. To evaluate the work environment, we observed the entire setting, aiming at checking sound intensities in an eighth frequency filter. RESULTS: We carried out 192 hearing threshold evaluations after an occupational anamnesis. Concerning NIHL, we noticed that 49% of the audiometry results presented hearing deterioration in the acute frequencies. We studied the mean values and standard deviations for frequencies over 3,000Hz, in all workers, and we observed that the highest average values were in the frequency of 6,000Hz. We did not notice any association among frequency bands carrying intense noise levels and the hearing damage frequency. CONCLUSION: Noise intensity seems to be the main risk factor for loss hearing, regardless of frequency range.